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STUDIES CONNECTED TO IMPLEMENTATION

Protection & Selectivity Studies

Protection, coordination, and selectivity, short circuit, load flow, and transient studies, integrated with relay settings and testing. Hire only the stages you need.

Protection & selectivity
Short circuit & load flow
Transients according to technical need
Review and approval set in the proposal

The Role of Studies

Electrical studies support protection and operating decisions. When integrated with relay settings and testing, they connect system analysis to field verification.

How KR Helps

KR is the commercial point of contact and coordinates the delivery: data and scope, studies, implementation of approved settings, testing, and handover. When partners are involved, who prepares, reviews, approves, and executes each stage is set in the proposal.

  • Scenarios, data, models, and criteria defined during technical alignment.
  • Calculation report, curves, recommendations, and settings table per scope.
  • Implementation of approved settings and testing, when contracted.
  • Transients assessed according to the phenomenon and the installation's goal.
STUDIES

Studies & Deliverables

From data collection to a settings table ready for implementation

Protection, Coordination, and Selectivity

Protection and device coordination criteria, with calculation report, curves, and recommendations.

Typical deliverables:

  • Calculation report
  • Coordination curves
  • Settings recommendations
  • Settings table per scope

Short Circuit and Load Flow

Assessment of fault levels and operating conditions, with scenarios and criteria defined during technical alignment.

Typical deliverables:

  • Short-circuit levels per scenario
  • Operating conditions assessed
  • Assumptions and data documented
  • Recommendations for upgrades

Transient Studies

Analysis according to the phenomenon and the installation's goal. Method, tool, data, and execution capacity are confirmed before the proposal.

Typical deliverables:

  • Definition of the phenomenon to analyze
  • Required assumptions and data
  • Report per approved scope
  • Technical recommendations

From Analysis to Verification

Integration of the study with implementation of approved settings and testing, when those stages are also hired.

Typical deliverables:

  • Approved settings implemented
  • Tests with agreed acceptance criteria
  • Final files and records
  • Open items with owners

From Analysis to Verification

Five stages, hired individually or as an integrated package

1. Data & scope2. Studies3. Implementation4. Testing5. Handover
TECHNICAL BASIS

How Each Study Is Defined

The tool for each study is defined during technical alignment, according to scope and available data

Power System Simulation

Short Circuit, Load Flow, and Coordination

Scenarios, models, and criteria defined during technical alignment, with the simulation tool suited to the scope and available data.

Short CircuitLoad FlowCoordination
Transients

Transient Analysis

Electromagnetic transient tools, used when the phenomenon and the installation's goal justify the study.

According to Technical Need
Documentation

Single-Line Diagrams & Documentation

The single-line diagram and installation documents are the basis for defining study data, scenarios, and assumptions.

Single-Line DiagramInput Data
FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions on Protection Studies

Data, schedule, and responsibilities

What data is needed to start a study?

Usually the single-line diagram, equipment data, existing settings, and operating scenarios. The exact list is defined during technical alignment, according to the study's goal.

How long does a protection and selectivity study take?

It depends on the installation size, data availability, and planned review rounds. The schedule is defined in the proposal once the scope is known.

Are the studies prepared by an in-house KR team?

KR is the commercial point of contact and coordinates the delivery. Depending on the scope, the work may involve partners; the proposal identifies who prepares, reviews, approves, and executes each stage.

Does KR also implement and test the calculated settings?

Yes, when those stages are hired. The proposal defines who prepares, reviews, approves, and executes each stage, from study to testing.

Start with the goal

Tell us the goal of the study, the type of installation, and the deadline. The required data and documents are defined later, during technical alignment.

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